Wind affects which type of airspeed?

Wind primarily influences ground speed, which is the speed at which an aircraft is moving relative to the ground. Ground speed is affected by the wind's impact on the aircraft's trajectory; a headwind will reduce ground speed while a tailwind will increase it.

Indicated airspeed is the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator and is not affected by wind because it measures the dynamic pressure of the air around the aircraft. True airspeed represents the actual speed of the aircraft through the air, adjusted for altitude and temperature, and is also unaffected by wind. Vertical speed indicates how quickly an aircraft is climbing or descending, which is independent of horizontal movement affected by wind.

Understanding the distinctions among these types of airspeed is crucial for pilots in managing flight performance and navigation effectively.