Which type of approach must be specifically requested by the pilot?

A contact approach is a procedure that allows an aircraft to approach an airport using visual references while being in communication with air traffic control (ATC). This type of approach must be specifically requested by the pilot because it is not a standard service provided under all circumstances and requires ATC's approval. By requesting a contact approach, pilots are acknowledging they can navigate towards the airport visually and assume responsibility for their separation from other aircraft during the approach.

The nature of a contact approach necessitates a level of pilot proficiency and awareness, as it allows for greater flexibility in maneuvering compared to traditional instrument approaches, which are often strictly defined by routing and altitudes. Therefore, it is crucial for pilots to communicate their intent clearly to ATC, ensuring safety and coordination in busy airspace.