Which type of approach allows a pilot to use visual references to navigate to the airport?

The type of approach that allows a pilot to use visual references to navigate to the airport is known as a Visual Approach. In this procedure, pilots can transition from instrument flight rules (IFR) to visual flight rules (VFR) once they have acquired visual contact with the airport or traffic in the vicinity. The Visual Approach provides increased flexibility and is particularly useful in good weather conditions, allowing pilots to utilize visual landmarks and navigational cues instead of relying solely on instrument navigation.

This approach is initiated when the pilot reports the airport in sight and is typically cleared to land without following the standard instrument approach procedures. It enhances the efficiency of traffic flow at busy airports by allowing pilots to approach visually when conditions permit, thus shortening their approach path.

In contrast, the Contact Approach requires the pilot to maintain visual reference to the ground and remain clear of clouds but is specially initiated by a pilot under specific conditions. Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARs) and Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs) are operational procedures focused on sequencing aircraft in and out of busy terminal airspace but do not inherently allow for visual navigation to the airport.