Which airspeed is directly affected by wind conditions?

Ground speed is the airspeed that is directly affected by wind conditions. This is because ground speed refers to the actual speed of an aircraft over the ground, which can be influenced by wind. When an aircraft is flying with a tailwind, its ground speed increases as the wind aids its forward motion. Conversely, when flying into a headwind, the ground speed decreases as the wind opposes the aircraft's forward movement.

Indicated airspeed, true airspeed, and Mach number are not affected by wind conditions. Indicated airspeed is the readout on the aircraft's instrument based on dynamic pressure and is independent of how the air moves relative to the ground. True airspeed represents the actual speed of the aircraft through the air, adjusted for altitude and non-standard temperature; it similarly does not take wind into account. Mach number, which expresses the speed of an aircraft as a ratio of its speed to the speed of sound, also remains unaffected by wind conditions. Hence, ground speed distinctly reflects how wind impacts an aircraft's journey across the ground.