What type of system is an inner marker typically found associated with?

An inner marker is typically associated with an Instrument Landing System (ILS). The ILS is a precision runway approach system that provides both lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft as they approach the runway for landing. The inner marker serves a specific function within this system by signaling the pilot that the aircraft is approaching the decision height during the final phases of the landing approach.

The inner marker emits a distinctive signal that helps pilots verify their position relative to the runway. This marker indicates that the aircraft is passing over the glide slope and is at a height where they should prepare for landing. The presence of the inner marker is crucial for safe and precise landings, particularly in low-visibility conditions, which is why it is an integral part of the ILS system.

In contrast, other systems such as VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range), NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), and GPS (Global Positioning System) do not utilize an inner marker as part of their operational structure. VOR and NDB are navigational aids primarily used for en route navigation rather than for final approach guidance, while GPS provides positional information and can assist in approaches but does not have an inner marker feature in its standard operations. Therefore, the connection between the inner marker and the