What method of navigation involves flying a predetermined course while accounting for the effects of wind?

Dead reckoning is the method of navigation that involves flying a predetermined course while taking into account the effects of wind. This technique relies on accurate calculations of heading, speed, and time, allowing pilots to determine their current position based on their last known location and the anticipated effects of wind. By considering the wind direction and speed, which can cause drift off the planned course, pilots can make necessary adjustments to maintain the intended route. This method requires both skill and experience, as pilots must be adept at calculating and applying the data to correct their flight path.

In contrast, GPS navigation utilizes satellite signals to provide precise positioning and is less dependent on the pilot's manual calculations of wind effects. Visual flight rules pertain to flying under visual conditions where pilots maintain flight based on visual reference instead of navigational calculations. Flight planning involves the preparation and organization of a flight, including routes and fuel calculations, but does not specifically focus on the adjustments made in-flight due to wind.