What is the process called when controllers adjust for wind speed and direction?

The process of adjusting for wind speed and direction is known as compensation. In air traffic control, it is crucial to account for wind conditions as they can significantly affect an aircraft's trajectory, speed, and overall flight path. When controllers compensate for wind, they take into consideration both the wind's speed and direction, allowing them to make necessary adjustments to flight paths, headings, and altitudes to ensure safe and efficient navigation.

Compensation is essential for maintaining proper separation between aircraft and for guiding them accurately, especially during takeoff, landing, and while en route. By understanding how the wind influences the movement of an aircraft, controllers can provide more precise instructions, leading to safer operations in the airspace.

The other options, while related to aspects of air traffic control, do not specifically refer to the process of adjusting for wind conditions. Vectoring refers to directing an aircraft's path using headings, estimation relates to predicting various parameters without adjustments, and calibration signifies adjusting instruments for accuracy rather than compensating for wind factors.